1.What is a network? What do you mean by node? What is a communication channel?
Ans.? A network is a system of interconnected computers or devices that form a connection for exchanging information or actions.
The computers and other devices or machines connected to a network are called nodes.
The means of establishing a connection between two nodes in a network is called a communication channel.
2. Discuss the uses of networks:
a) Electronic Data Interchange: Through Electronic Data Interchange, business information is exchanged from one place to another in a simple way through the network instead of paper.
b) Electronic Message: Fast exchange of letters through the Internet with the help of email is an important use of the network. Also, information can be exchanged on social networks through chatting.
c) Information Service: Through the World Wide Web, information can be quickly retrieved from any website in the world.
3. Mention the advantages of networks:
a) Information can be exchanged quickly from one place to another through networks.
b) Resources such as hardware and software can be shared and used through networks.
c) Business transactions and services can be provided at remote locations through the Internet.
d) Teleconferencing and video conferencing can be done.
4. Mention the disadvantages of networks:
a) A lot of money is required to support the network.
b) The maintenance cost of the network is very high.
c) If for any reason the nodes of the network are disconnected, the network service is disrupted.
d) Since the network can be accessed from different points, there is a possibility of viruses infecting the systems connected to the network.
5. What is meant by analog signal communication? What are its advantages?
An analog signal is a type of signal that is continuous and changes over time. It represents physical variations in nature in the form of voltage or current.
For example, sound and light signals.
Advantages of analog signals:
1. Easy construction: Analog signals do not require complex devices or processes, and are easy to generate and process.
2. Low cost: Analog signal processing is cheaper than digital systems.
3. Continuity: It is a continuous signal, which can represent the real value of nature.
4. Low power consumption: Usually works using less power.
5. High resolution: Due to continuity, it can provide fine and smooth signals.
6. What is a digital signal? What are its advantages?
A digital signal is a type of signal that is expressed by two specific values or levels—0 and 1. It transmits data in the form of bits and is mainly used in computers, electronic devices, and digital communication systems. Digital signals are more accurate and less distorted.
Advantages of digital data:
High accuracy: There are fewer errors while processing digital data.
Easy storage: It can be easily stored and transferred.
Data security: It can be protected through encryption.
Easy to copy and edit: It can be copied or edited without any loss of value.
Long durability: Digital data does not deteriorate over time.
Versatile use: It can be easily converted into different formats.
7. Write the difference between analog and digital communication.
| Features | Analog Signal | Digital Signal |
| Data Transmission Process | Continuously transmitted | Discretely transmitted |
| Bandwidth Requirement | Less bandwidth required | Comparatively more bandwidth required |
| Security | Less security required | More security required |
8.What is meant by transmission mode? Mention the classifications of transmission mode.
The method of specifying the direction of data transmission between two connected devices is called the transmission mode or transport method. One of the two connected devices is called the sender and the other is called the receiver.
Classification of transmission modes:
a) Simplex mode
b) Half duplex mode
c) Full duplex mode
9. What is the simplex mode? Give an example.
In simplex mode, information can only be transmitted in one direction and never in the opposite direction, that is, in this mode, information is transmitted one way.
Information is transmitted from the keyboard to the CPU and from the CPU to the monitor. In this case, information is never transmitted in the opposite direction. Therefore, in these two cases, the model of information transmission is simple.
10. What is half duplex mode? Give an example.
In hub duplex mode, data can be transmitted in both directions but never in both directions at the same time. In this mode, each node can transmit and receive data but not at the same time.
Example: The transmission between two walkie-talkies is done through a half-duplex junction.
11. What is full-duplex mode?
In full duplex mode, information can be transmitted in both directions at the same time. In this case, each node can transmit and receive information at the same time. In this case, two separate lines are required to transmit information in both directions at the same time.
Example: A conversation between two telephones is an example of full duplex mode.